El sangrado nasal es un suceso frecuente sobre todo en los niños y adolescentes. Sin trauma previo o enfermedad, está ocasionado por la rotura de algún vaso sanguíneo de la mucosa que recubre la fosa nasal.
Ante un sangrado nasal, sienta a la persona con la cabeza recta. No debe tirar la cabeza hacia atrás ya que el sangrado irá hacia la garganta y se lo tragará, dañando la mucosa del tubo digestivo y del estómago y pudiendo provocar vómitos.
Tampoco debes tumbarle, a no ser que haya riesgo de pérdida de conocimiento.
Introduce algodón en las dos fosas nasales dejando fuera cantidad suficiente para poder retirarlo. Haz que respire por la boca con normalidad. Es aconsejable tapar ambos orificios para aumentar la presión localmente.
Presionar la nariz con dos dedos en forma de pinza, sobre el tabique, tapando ambos orificios durante unos 15 minutos.
Aplica frío (con una bolsa de hielo o cold pack) entre las cejas, en la parte superior de la nariz.
Si ha habido trauma facial previo, introducción de cuerpo extraño, si es una persona que padece de hipertensión arterial, o presenta patología circulatoria (arteriosclerosis), si tiene trastornos en la coagulación o toma fármacos antiagregantes, debe acudir a un centro sanitario.
También si el sangrado no cede en 30 minutos tras las medidas aplicadas.
21 April 2011
Phase 3 trial finds no benefit from atrasentan added to chemo for advanced prostate cancer
A Data and Safety Monitoring Committee (DSMC) has determined that patients in a phase III clinical trial given atrasentan in addition to a standard chemotherapy regimen for advanced prostate cancer did not have longer survival or longer progression-free survival than patients on the same chemotherapy regimen who got a placebo rather than atrasentan. Almost 1,000 patients who had advanced, hormone-refractory prostate cancer were given up to 36 weeks of chemotherapy with docetaxel and prednisone. These patients were randomized so that one half got an additional pill with a dose of atrasentan while the other half got a placebo pill. Patients who completed their chemotherapy and showed no progression of the disease were given the option of continuing the additional blinded pill (atrasentan or placebo).
The study's DSMC evaluated a planned interim analysis of trial data and determined the evidence indicating no benefit from the drug was strong enough to close the study early rather than waiting another 18 months as was originally planned. The DSMC did not find evidence that the drug was harming patients.
New patient enrollment to the study stopped in April 2010 and few patients continue to take the study pill. Patients still taking study medication should speak to their doctor about stopping safely and what to do with their remaining pills. Treatment assignment is being unblinded, so patients can learn from their study doctor whether they took atrasentan or a placebo.
The study ("S0421: Phase III Study of Docetaxel and Atrasentan Versus Docetaxel and Placebo for Patients with Advanced Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer") was supported by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and was conducted by SWOG (formerly the Southwest Oncology Group) with the participation of several other NCI cooperative groups.
Atrasentan for the trial was provided under an agreement with Abbott Laboratories and was distributed by the Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center.
**Source: University of Michigan Health System
The study's DSMC evaluated a planned interim analysis of trial data and determined the evidence indicating no benefit from the drug was strong enough to close the study early rather than waiting another 18 months as was originally planned. The DSMC did not find evidence that the drug was harming patients.
New patient enrollment to the study stopped in April 2010 and few patients continue to take the study pill. Patients still taking study medication should speak to their doctor about stopping safely and what to do with their remaining pills. Treatment assignment is being unblinded, so patients can learn from their study doctor whether they took atrasentan or a placebo.
The study ("S0421: Phase III Study of Docetaxel and Atrasentan Versus Docetaxel and Placebo for Patients with Advanced Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer") was supported by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and was conducted by SWOG (formerly the Southwest Oncology Group) with the participation of several other NCI cooperative groups.
Atrasentan for the trial was provided under an agreement with Abbott Laboratories and was distributed by the Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center.
**Source: University of Michigan Health System
USC research shows critical role of placenta in brain development
Research at the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California's (USC) Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute shows for the first time that the human placenta plays an active role in synthesizing serotonin, paving the way to new treatment strategies that could mitigate health impacts such as cardiovascular disease and mental illness. The groundbreaking findings, conducted with researchers from Vanderbilt University as part of a Silvio Conte Center of Excellence grant from the National Institute of Mental Health, offer conclusive evidence that the placenta provides serotonin to the fetal forebrain, not through the mother's blood supply, as theorized for the past 60 years. The research, "A transient placental source of serotonin for the fetal forebrain," will be published in the journal Nature on April 21, 2011.
"Our research indicates that the placenta actually synthesizes serotonin, and the serotonin is released from the placenta into the fetal bloodstream where it can reach the fetal brain," said lead author Alexandre Bonnin, Ph.D. "The placenta was seen as a passive organ, but we now know that it has significant synthetic capabilities and has a much more critical role in developmental programming of the fetus than previously thought."
Bonnin's work with Pat Levitt, Ph.D., director of the Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and corresponding author on the paper, included the invention of a unique technology known as a "placentometer" that monitors substances that pass through the mouse placenta from mother to fetus. This technology can incorporate genetic models of human disease, and could lead to targeted therapies that treat the mother without affecting the fetus, or vice versa.
"The findings by Dr. Bonnin and his collaborators open the door for future studies examining the potential role for targeted interventions in high-risk pregnancies where a perturbed intrauterine environment might negatively impact fetal brain development," said Istvan Seri, professor of pediatrics, Keck School, and director, Center for Fetal and Neonatal Medicine at Children's Hospital Los Angeles. "However, it will take many more basic, translational and clinical trials and many years until we can provide evidence that approaches like this one work."
Serotonin, a neurotransmitter known to affect wellbeing in humans, also has been implicated in brain, cardiac and pancreas development.
In the early stages of development, neurons that synthesize serotonin develop in the fetal hindbrain, where heart, respiration and other critical functions reside, eventually building their way up to the forebrain, the home of higher cognition and emotional regulation. The study shows that during this gap between hindbrain and forebrain serotonin development, the placenta is an important source of serotonin to the forebrain – a process that could be affected by the mother's nutrition, since her diet is the only source for the essential amino acid tryptophan.
"An altered capacity of the placenta to make and release serotonin could affect the levels of serotonin in the human forebrain as it does in the mouse," said Levitt. "Developmental programming of the fetal brain can set the stage for adult-onset health impacts including heart disease, diabetes and mental illness."
The research relates to a growing body of evidence that subtle, deleterious effects on the fetus as it develops could lead to a lifetime of chronic mental health problems, including anxiety disorders, learning and emotional disabilities and depression.
"Bonnin's research may be of particular importance for early onset brain disorders, such as autism, Asperger's syndrome and pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder, where investigators are considering a role for serotonin based on human genetic studies," said Randy Blakely, Ph.D., director of the Vanderbilt Conte Center and a collaborator on the paper.
*Source: University of Southern California
"Our research indicates that the placenta actually synthesizes serotonin, and the serotonin is released from the placenta into the fetal bloodstream where it can reach the fetal brain," said lead author Alexandre Bonnin, Ph.D. "The placenta was seen as a passive organ, but we now know that it has significant synthetic capabilities and has a much more critical role in developmental programming of the fetus than previously thought."
Bonnin's work with Pat Levitt, Ph.D., director of the Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and corresponding author on the paper, included the invention of a unique technology known as a "placentometer" that monitors substances that pass through the mouse placenta from mother to fetus. This technology can incorporate genetic models of human disease, and could lead to targeted therapies that treat the mother without affecting the fetus, or vice versa.
"The findings by Dr. Bonnin and his collaborators open the door for future studies examining the potential role for targeted interventions in high-risk pregnancies where a perturbed intrauterine environment might negatively impact fetal brain development," said Istvan Seri, professor of pediatrics, Keck School, and director, Center for Fetal and Neonatal Medicine at Children's Hospital Los Angeles. "However, it will take many more basic, translational and clinical trials and many years until we can provide evidence that approaches like this one work."
Serotonin, a neurotransmitter known to affect wellbeing in humans, also has been implicated in brain, cardiac and pancreas development.
In the early stages of development, neurons that synthesize serotonin develop in the fetal hindbrain, where heart, respiration and other critical functions reside, eventually building their way up to the forebrain, the home of higher cognition and emotional regulation. The study shows that during this gap between hindbrain and forebrain serotonin development, the placenta is an important source of serotonin to the forebrain – a process that could be affected by the mother's nutrition, since her diet is the only source for the essential amino acid tryptophan.
"An altered capacity of the placenta to make and release serotonin could affect the levels of serotonin in the human forebrain as it does in the mouse," said Levitt. "Developmental programming of the fetal brain can set the stage for adult-onset health impacts including heart disease, diabetes and mental illness."
The research relates to a growing body of evidence that subtle, deleterious effects on the fetus as it develops could lead to a lifetime of chronic mental health problems, including anxiety disorders, learning and emotional disabilities and depression.
"Bonnin's research may be of particular importance for early onset brain disorders, such as autism, Asperger's syndrome and pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder, where investigators are considering a role for serotonin based on human genetic studies," said Randy Blakely, Ph.D., director of the Vanderbilt Conte Center and a collaborator on the paper.
*Source: University of Southern California
Use of topical corticosteroids in children with eczema does not have negative side effects
A new study published in the journal Pediatric Dermatology reveals that routine, long-term use of topical corticosteroids (TCS) for treating children with eczema does not cause any significant, negative side effects. Parental phobia of TCS is widespread and leads to poorly managed eczema in children. The commonest fear is that TCS use will "thin the skin." Parents fears are also shared by many health care providers, including pharmacists.
Led by Gayle Fischer, MBBS, FACD, of The University of Sydney, researchers studied 92 children, 70 of which were part of the study/dermatitis group while the other 22 were categorized in a control group. Researchers convinced the parents of these 70 children to use enough TCS to control their children's eczema very well so that they were virtually free of eczema consistently. The 22 children in the control group were not using TCS.
Researchers then evaluated the children by examining them for any signs of skin thinning and by also examining their treated and untreated skin by dermoscopy, a technique which utilizes a mini-microscope to search for even the most subtle signs of TCS side effects.
They found that the children using TCS had no evidence of skin thinning even though they were using enough TCS to produce complete control of their eczema. These children were no different to the children who were not using TCS at all.
"Our results show that normal routine use of TCS does not cause skin thinning, and parents should be reassured. We hope that our work will give them the confidence to use TCS safely and effectively" Fischer notes.
**Source: Wiley-Blackwell
Led by Gayle Fischer, MBBS, FACD, of The University of Sydney, researchers studied 92 children, 70 of which were part of the study/dermatitis group while the other 22 were categorized in a control group. Researchers convinced the parents of these 70 children to use enough TCS to control their children's eczema very well so that they were virtually free of eczema consistently. The 22 children in the control group were not using TCS.
Researchers then evaluated the children by examining them for any signs of skin thinning and by also examining their treated and untreated skin by dermoscopy, a technique which utilizes a mini-microscope to search for even the most subtle signs of TCS side effects.
They found that the children using TCS had no evidence of skin thinning even though they were using enough TCS to produce complete control of their eczema. These children were no different to the children who were not using TCS at all.
"Our results show that normal routine use of TCS does not cause skin thinning, and parents should be reassured. We hope that our work will give them the confidence to use TCS safely and effectively" Fischer notes.
**Source: Wiley-Blackwell
GSK mulls deal for India vaccines unit
GlaxoSmithKline is reportedly eyeing the vaccines division of India's Biological E. Already a leading vaccines supplier in India, GSK would gain greater manufacturing capacity in a BE vaccines buyout, allowing it to boost share on the subcontinent and export greater quantities to international markets, the Economic Times reports.
Officials from GSK's Belgium-based biologicals business recently visited Biological E's manufacturing facility in Shameerpet, India, near Hyderabad, sources told the newspaper. GSK's current plant in Nashik, India, has recently faced difficulties supplying enough vaccines for export, a pharma analyst told the Times. The company has expressed interest in buying vaccine makers with plants approved by international regulators, the analyst said. GSK itself did not comment.
Among Biological E's key products are diphtheria and tetanus vaccines, which have helped the homegrown company capture a "significant share" of the domestic vaccines market. It has some experience working with GSK, Deal Curry reports; Biological E partnered with GSK's Indian unit in developing its pharma business.
*Read more: Report: GSK mulls deal for India vaccines unit - FiercePharma http://www.fiercepharma.com/story/report-gsk-mulls-deal-india-vaccines-unit/2011-04-21#ixzz1KB5yqDy7
**Publishe din "FIERCE PHARMA"
Officials from GSK's Belgium-based biologicals business recently visited Biological E's manufacturing facility in Shameerpet, India, near Hyderabad, sources told the newspaper. GSK's current plant in Nashik, India, has recently faced difficulties supplying enough vaccines for export, a pharma analyst told the Times. The company has expressed interest in buying vaccine makers with plants approved by international regulators, the analyst said. GSK itself did not comment.
Among Biological E's key products are diphtheria and tetanus vaccines, which have helped the homegrown company capture a "significant share" of the domestic vaccines market. It has some experience working with GSK, Deal Curry reports; Biological E partnered with GSK's Indian unit in developing its pharma business.
*Read more: Report: GSK mulls deal for India vaccines unit - FiercePharma http://www.fiercepharma.com/story/report-gsk-mulls-deal-india-vaccines-unit/2011-04-21#ixzz1KB5yqDy7
**Publishe din "FIERCE PHARMA"
Los dátiles, un escudo frente a patologías oculares
La riqueza nutricional de los dátiles propició que en la Antigüedad se les llegara a catalogar como la fruta del «árbol de la vida». Aunque por su consistencia y aspecto se les haya hecho un hueco dentro de las frutas desecadas, lo cierto es que no se seca después de su recolección, sino antes al sol. Para Elena Gascón, dietista-nutricionista del Instituto de Ciencias de la Alimentación de la Universidad de Navarra, «aportan mayor cantidad de energía que las variedades frescas. Son una fuente importante de hidratos de carbono y fibra, por lo que ayudan a controlar el tránsito intestinal y están recomendados en casos de estreñimiento».
Dentro de los minerales, los dátiles destacan por su riqueza en potasio y magnesio. «El primero, en sinergia con la niacina o vitamina B3, favorece el buen funcionamiento nervioso y muscular, promoviendo una buena coordinación psicomotora. El magnesio se relaciona con el funcionamiento del intestino, nervios y músculos, forma parte de huesos y dientes, mejora la inmunidad y posee un suave efecto laxante», aclara Gascón. Pero todavía hay más. Dos pigmentos naturales, los betacarotenos y la luteína, continúa la experta, «ayudan a cuidar la vista y previenen enfermedades degenerativas de los ojos».
-Demasiadas calorías
Pese a todo, los dátiles contienen un valor energético nada despreciable. Hasta 279 calorías por cien gramos. Según el doctor Vicente Orós Espinosa, miembro del Grupo de Nutrición de la Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (Semergen), «representan un recurso excelente para reponerse de grandes esfuerzos y están especialmente indicados en la práctica de deportes de larga duración y condiciones extremas como montañismo, alpinismo o escalada, entre otros». Sin embargo, «debido a su contenido en hidratos de carbono, estarán contraindicados en personas obesas y con sobrepeso, así como diabéticos y aquellas que padezcan hipertrigliceridemia por su concentración en azúcares simples. Además, tan sólo poseen un 15 por ciento de agua, por lo que el contenido de los restantes nutrientes está aumentado», advierte Gascón.
Además, su ingesta habitual, continúa la experta, no sólo «favorece la aparición de caries dental si no se tiene una correcta higiene bucal, sino que también pueden resultar algo indigestos en personas con problemas digestivos». Entre los dátiles más populares encabeza la lista el tunecido «Deglet Noor» de piel lisa y brillante, seguido del «Medjool» con una textura arrugada y similar a un caramelo toffee. Dentro de los secos están los blandos, duros, rojos, negros y amarillos. Aunque proceden de Oriente Medio, los de Elche (Alicante) cuentan con el reconocimiento a nivel mundial.
**Publicado en "LA RAZON"
Los niños que ven mucha tv, más propensos a enfermedades cardiacas
La investigación señala que el impacto a la salud de cada hora frente a la televisión equivale a un aumento de unos 10 mm HG (milímetros de mercurio) en la presión sistólica sanguínea, de acuerdo al portal de divulgación de información científica Sciencealert. La jefa de este estudio, Bamini Gopinath, dijo que "los factores vinculados a una vida poco saludable pueden tener un impacto en la microcirculación en los primeros años de vida y aumentar el riesgo de desarrollar después problemas cardíacos y presión alta".
Los expertos del Centro de Investigación de la Visión de la Universidad de Sídney examinaron a unos 1.500 niños de seis a siete años y notaron que las arteriolas retinianas de aquellos que pasan mucho tiempo frente a la televisión son más estrechas que lo normal. Los niños que participaron en el estudio estaban expuestos un promedio de 1,9 horas al día frente a la televisión y dedicaban 36 minutos a la actividad física.
Según la investigación los niños que invertían más una hora de actividad física cada día tenían arteriolas retinianas saludables, debido a que la actividad aumenta el flujo sanguíneo y tiene un efecto positivo en los tejidos de los vasos sanguíneos. El estrechamiento de las arteriolas retinianas se asocia con hipertensión arterial, pero este estudio muestra por primera vez la relación entre una vida sedentaria durante la infancia y dicha condición.
**Agencias
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