El próximo miércoles 18 de mayo, la Alianza para la prevención del cáncer de colon organiza en la sede central de la Asociación Española contra el Cáncer (calle Amador de los Ríos, 5) en Madrid, una jornada bajo el título “Cribado del cáncer de colon en España: ¿es coste-eficaz?”.
La jornada se desarrollará de 10:30 a 14:00 h. a través de dos mesas que analizarán en primer lugar la situación del cáncer colorrectal en nuestro país y posteriormente analizarán, desde diversos ángulos, el coste-eficacia del cribado de este tipo de cáncer (ver programa adjunto).
El segundo tipo de cáncer más extendido en el mundo occidental
El cáncer colorrectal – cáncer de colon y recto – constituye el cáncer más extendido en el mundo occidental, después del cáncer de pulmón. Esta enfermedad afecta a más de 3 millones y medio de personas en todo el mundo. Aproximadamente 600.000 nuevos casos aparecen cada año y se calcula que esta cantidad aumentará con el tiempo. La tasa anual de mortalidad por cáncer colorrectal es de 300.000 fallecimientos. A excepción de Japón, la incidencia es mayor en los países desarrollados, como Europa occidental y Norteamérica, donde 1 de cada 50 muertes se producen a causa de esta enfermedad.
Aunque el período de supervivencia para el diagnóstico temprano de cáncer colorrectal es relativamente alto (80-90%), el cáncer colorrectal avanzado posee un pronóstico más pobre. Aproximadamente el 30% de pacientes son diagnosticados en estadio avanzado. En los casos de estadio avanzado de esta enfermedad, los objetivos del tratamiento son suministrar un terapia paliativa, retrasar la progresión de la enfermedad y mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente. En algunos casos, la supervivencia puede prolongarse, no obstante, la curación de pacientes con cáncer colorrectal avanzado es excepcional. En general, menos de la mitad de los pacientes podrán curarse.
**Publicado en "MEDICOS Y PACIENTES"
16 May 2011
Primary stroke centers more likely to be in states with certification programs
Searching public databases in 2010, researchers looked at the distribution of primary stroke centers, designated such by state health departments or national organizations (such as The Joint Commission in collaboration with the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association). They found that 24 percent of acute general hospitals are certified stroke centers. Notably, in the eight states that have a state-based program that designates such hospitals, the percentage (63 percent) of certified stroke centers was higher than in states that don't (13 percent).
Stroke centers that were certified by only state programs were smaller as shown by bed numbers than those that were certified by The Joint Commission certification, researchers said.
Researchers found several factors increased the chances of a hospital being designated a certified stroke center, including: location in an urban area, larger hospital size and the presence of a state health department stroke program.
Hospitals were less likely to be certified stroke centers if they were located in the South or West.
Researchers concluded that location of the hospital and the existence of a state stroke center certification program influenced the likelihood of a hospital being a certified stroke center. State legislation in stroke center designation could substantially increase the number of stroke centers across the United States, researchers said.
**Source: American Heart Association
Stroke centers that were certified by only state programs were smaller as shown by bed numbers than those that were certified by The Joint Commission certification, researchers said.
Researchers found several factors increased the chances of a hospital being designated a certified stroke center, including: location in an urban area, larger hospital size and the presence of a state health department stroke program.
Hospitals were less likely to be certified stroke centers if they were located in the South or West.
Researchers concluded that location of the hospital and the existence of a state stroke center certification program influenced the likelihood of a hospital being a certified stroke center. State legislation in stroke center designation could substantially increase the number of stroke centers across the United States, researchers said.
**Source: American Heart Association
'Master switch' gene for obesity and diabetes discovered
A team of researchers, led by King's College London and the University of Oxford, have found that a gene linked to type 2 diabetes and cholesterol levels is in fact a 'master regulator' gene, which controls the behaviour of other genes found within fat in the body. As fat plays a key role in susceptibility to metabolic diseases such as obesity, heart disease and diabetes, this study highlights the regulatory gene as a possible target for future treatments to fight these diseases.
Published today in Nature Genetics, the study was one part of a large multi-national collaboration funded by the Wellcome Trust, known as the MuTHER study. It involves researchers from King's College London, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, and the University of Geneva. DeCODE Genetics also contributed to the results reported in this paper.
It was already known that the KLF14 gene is linked to type 2 diabetes and cholesterol levels but, until now, how it did this and the role it played in controlling other genes located further away on the genome was unknown.
The researchers examined over 20,000 genes in subcutaneous fat biopsies from 800 UK female twin volunteers. They found an association between the KLF14 gene and the expression levels of multiple distant genes found in fat tissue, which means it acts as a master switch to control these genes. This was then confirmed in a further independent sample of 600 subcutaneous fat biopsies from Icelandic subjects.
These other genes found to be controlled by KLF14 are in fact linked to a range of metabolic traits, including body-mass index (obesity), cholesterol, insulin and glucose levels, highlighting the interconnectedness of metabolic traits.
The KLF14 gene is special in that its activity is inherited from the mother. Each person inherits a set of all genes from both parents. But in this case, the copy of KLF14 from the father is switched off, meaning that the copy from the mother is the active gene – a process called imprinting. Moreover, the ability of KLF14 to control other genes was entirely dependent on the copy of KLF14 inherited from the mother – the copy inherited from the father had no effect.
Professor Tim Spector from the Department of Twin Research at King's, who led the MuTHER project, said: 'This is the first major study that shows how small changes in one master regulator gene can cause a cascade of other metabolic effects in other genes. This has great therapeutic potential particularly as by studying large detailed populations such as the twins we hope to find more of these regulators.'
Professor Mark McCarthy from the University of Oxford, who co-led the study, said: 'KLF14 seems to act as a master switch controlling processes that connect changes in the behaviour of subcutaneous fat to disturbances in muscle and liver that contribute to diabetes and other conditions. We are working hard right now to understand these processes and how we can use this information to improve treatment of these conditions.'
**Source: King's College London
Published today in Nature Genetics, the study was one part of a large multi-national collaboration funded by the Wellcome Trust, known as the MuTHER study. It involves researchers from King's College London, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, and the University of Geneva. DeCODE Genetics also contributed to the results reported in this paper.
It was already known that the KLF14 gene is linked to type 2 diabetes and cholesterol levels but, until now, how it did this and the role it played in controlling other genes located further away on the genome was unknown.
The researchers examined over 20,000 genes in subcutaneous fat biopsies from 800 UK female twin volunteers. They found an association between the KLF14 gene and the expression levels of multiple distant genes found in fat tissue, which means it acts as a master switch to control these genes. This was then confirmed in a further independent sample of 600 subcutaneous fat biopsies from Icelandic subjects.
These other genes found to be controlled by KLF14 are in fact linked to a range of metabolic traits, including body-mass index (obesity), cholesterol, insulin and glucose levels, highlighting the interconnectedness of metabolic traits.
The KLF14 gene is special in that its activity is inherited from the mother. Each person inherits a set of all genes from both parents. But in this case, the copy of KLF14 from the father is switched off, meaning that the copy from the mother is the active gene – a process called imprinting. Moreover, the ability of KLF14 to control other genes was entirely dependent on the copy of KLF14 inherited from the mother – the copy inherited from the father had no effect.
Professor Tim Spector from the Department of Twin Research at King's, who led the MuTHER project, said: 'This is the first major study that shows how small changes in one master regulator gene can cause a cascade of other metabolic effects in other genes. This has great therapeutic potential particularly as by studying large detailed populations such as the twins we hope to find more of these regulators.'
Professor Mark McCarthy from the University of Oxford, who co-led the study, said: 'KLF14 seems to act as a master switch controlling processes that connect changes in the behaviour of subcutaneous fat to disturbances in muscle and liver that contribute to diabetes and other conditions. We are working hard right now to understand these processes and how we can use this information to improve treatment of these conditions.'
**Source: King's College London
CPAP improves daytime sleepiness even in patients with low levels of symptoms
Continuous positive airway pressure, or CPAP, can increase alertness and even improve quality of life for sufferers of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), even if their symptoms are minimal, according to a study conducted by researchers in Europe. Patients enrolled in the study reported an improvement in daytime sleepiness within six months of beginning CPAP treatment. The study will be presented at the ATS 2011 International Conference in Denver.
"Treatment with CPAP clearly reduces daytime sleepiness and improves quality of life in patients with very limited symptoms, at a rate of about half the improvement seen in patients with more severe symptoms," said Sonya Craig, research fellow at Churchill Hospital, Oxford.
"It is well-known that CPAP treatment greatly improves OSA patients who have substantial symptoms of daytime sleepiness," she added. "However, OSA with few symptoms, and sometimes no symptoms, is much more common, yet the effect of CPAP on these patients has not been adequately evaluated. In this study, we wanted to investigate the effect of CPAP on sleepiness and quality of life measurements in patients with minimally symptomatic OSA."
Researchers analyzed data from 341 patients from 10 medical centers, with proven OSA but insufficient current symptoms as judged by both the patient and the sleep physician to justify CPAP therapy. Patients were randomized to receive either six months of CPAP or no treatment. The Epworth Sleepiness Score, a standard scoring system used in sleep studies, was used to determine the change in daytime sleepiness measured at the start of the study, and again at follow-up six months later. Wakefulness and sleepiness were also measured using a second test, called the Oxford Sleep Resistance Test (OSLER), and quality of life was assessed using a standard questionnaire.
The researchers found that after six months of treatment, CPAP significantly reduced daytime sleepiness and increased wakefulness compared to the standard treatment group. They also found that the odds of falling asleep during the OSLER test, which requires patients to lie quietly and react to a flashing light for prolonged periods of time at repeated intervals, were 49 percent lower in the CPAP treatment group compared to those in the standard care group. Quality of life scores were also significantly higher in the CPAP group compared to standard care patients. Ironically, about 25 percent of patients stopped treatment prior to the end of the study, reporting that they did not perceive adequate benefit.
Dr. Craig said the results of the study were surprising.
"The magnitude of the improvement in sleepiness and quality of life scores wasgreater than expected, particularly given that the patients were considered to have only very mild symptoms when assessed in clinic," she said.
"It appears clinical assessment of patients with OSA does not reliably identify all patients likely to benefit from treatment with CPAP," she added. "This suggests that a greater number of patients than originally thought may benefit from a trial of CPAP therapy."
Dr. Craig said further evaluation will focus on determining if the improvements noted in the study are short-term improvement, or if they are long-lasting.
"We are continuing to follow these patients for a longer term to assess whether the improvements in quality of life and daytime symptoms are maintained over a longer time scale," she said. "If the benefits persist for a longer time period, it would strengthen the argument to expand the patient population that could benefit significantly from CPAP therapy."
*Source: American Thoracic Society
"Treatment with CPAP clearly reduces daytime sleepiness and improves quality of life in patients with very limited symptoms, at a rate of about half the improvement seen in patients with more severe symptoms," said Sonya Craig, research fellow at Churchill Hospital, Oxford.
"It is well-known that CPAP treatment greatly improves OSA patients who have substantial symptoms of daytime sleepiness," she added. "However, OSA with few symptoms, and sometimes no symptoms, is much more common, yet the effect of CPAP on these patients has not been adequately evaluated. In this study, we wanted to investigate the effect of CPAP on sleepiness and quality of life measurements in patients with minimally symptomatic OSA."
Researchers analyzed data from 341 patients from 10 medical centers, with proven OSA but insufficient current symptoms as judged by both the patient and the sleep physician to justify CPAP therapy. Patients were randomized to receive either six months of CPAP or no treatment. The Epworth Sleepiness Score, a standard scoring system used in sleep studies, was used to determine the change in daytime sleepiness measured at the start of the study, and again at follow-up six months later. Wakefulness and sleepiness were also measured using a second test, called the Oxford Sleep Resistance Test (OSLER), and quality of life was assessed using a standard questionnaire.
The researchers found that after six months of treatment, CPAP significantly reduced daytime sleepiness and increased wakefulness compared to the standard treatment group. They also found that the odds of falling asleep during the OSLER test, which requires patients to lie quietly and react to a flashing light for prolonged periods of time at repeated intervals, were 49 percent lower in the CPAP treatment group compared to those in the standard care group. Quality of life scores were also significantly higher in the CPAP group compared to standard care patients. Ironically, about 25 percent of patients stopped treatment prior to the end of the study, reporting that they did not perceive adequate benefit.
Dr. Craig said the results of the study were surprising.
"The magnitude of the improvement in sleepiness and quality of life scores wasgreater than expected, particularly given that the patients were considered to have only very mild symptoms when assessed in clinic," she said.
"It appears clinical assessment of patients with OSA does not reliably identify all patients likely to benefit from treatment with CPAP," she added. "This suggests that a greater number of patients than originally thought may benefit from a trial of CPAP therapy."
Dr. Craig said further evaluation will focus on determining if the improvements noted in the study are short-term improvement, or if they are long-lasting.
"We are continuing to follow these patients for a longer term to assess whether the improvements in quality of life and daytime symptoms are maintained over a longer time scale," she said. "If the benefits persist for a longer time period, it would strengthen the argument to expand the patient population that could benefit significantly from CPAP therapy."
*Source: American Thoracic Society
Vitamin D improves exercise outcomes in patients with COPD
Vitamin D supplements may help patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) get more from their pulmonary rehabilitation programs, according to a study conducted by researchers from Belgium. The study results will be presented at the ATS 2011 International Conference in Denver.
"Our study shows that high doses of vitamin D supplementation on top of a standard rehabilitation program improve the outcome in terms of exercise capacity and respiratory muscle strength," said Miek Hornikx, physiotherapist and doctoral student in the department of pneumology at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Leuven, Belgium.
Vitamin D deficiency is common among patients with COPD, and is often associated with lack of exposure to sunlight and diet. COPD patients also often have limited physical activity as a result of breathing difficulties associated with the disease, which also may result in less exposure to sunlight, Ms. Hornikx explained.
"COPD can be considered as a respiratory disease with important non-respiratory consequences, such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and muscle weakness," she said. "These consequences eventually will be negatively influenced by physical inactivity which, along with exercise intolerance, is a common feature among patients with COPD and is proven to be related to mortality.
"Low levels of vitamin D in the blood have been related with muscle weakness, a major target for respiratory rehabilitation and increased risk of falls," she added "Since vitamin D is often depleted in patients with COPD, we wanted to see if vitamin D supplementation would have a beneficial effect on rehabilitation among these patients, perhaps by increasing muscle strength."
The researchers enrolled 50 COPD patients with a history of exacerbations who had been referred for rehabilitation and randomly assigned them to receive either a monthly dose of vitamin D or placebo. Patients in the vitamin D group were given 100,000 IUs (international units) of vitamin D in their monthly dose; the U.S. recommended daily allowance of vitamin D is 600 IUs daily for adults up to age 70 and 800 IUs daily for adults over age 70.
All patients participated in a pulmonary rehabilitation program for three months. At the beginning of the study and again at the completion of the rehabilitation program, peripheral and respiratory muscle strength, exercise capacity and vitamin D levels were measured. Patients were also asked to complete a quality of life survey both before and after rehabilitation.
At the end of the study, researchers found that patients treated with vitamin D had a significant improvement in exercise capacity and respiratory muscle strength compared to those in the placebo group.
"These results support the idea that correcting vitamin D deficiency by adding vitamin D supplements to training programs allows COPD patients to achieve better results from rehabilitation, including improvements in muscle strength and exercise capacity," Ms. Hornikx said.
Interestingly, despite significant improvements in exercise capacity in patients treated with vitamin D, those patients did not report a significant increase in health-related quality of life.
"This could be due to the fact that we had a relatively small number of patients included in this study, as well as to the relatively brief duration of the study," Ms. Hornikx said. Future studies should focus on the specific mechanisms by which vitamin D affects patients with COPD, she added.
**Source: American Thoracic Society
"Our study shows that high doses of vitamin D supplementation on top of a standard rehabilitation program improve the outcome in terms of exercise capacity and respiratory muscle strength," said Miek Hornikx, physiotherapist and doctoral student in the department of pneumology at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Leuven, Belgium.
Vitamin D deficiency is common among patients with COPD, and is often associated with lack of exposure to sunlight and diet. COPD patients also often have limited physical activity as a result of breathing difficulties associated with the disease, which also may result in less exposure to sunlight, Ms. Hornikx explained.
"COPD can be considered as a respiratory disease with important non-respiratory consequences, such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and muscle weakness," she said. "These consequences eventually will be negatively influenced by physical inactivity which, along with exercise intolerance, is a common feature among patients with COPD and is proven to be related to mortality.
"Low levels of vitamin D in the blood have been related with muscle weakness, a major target for respiratory rehabilitation and increased risk of falls," she added "Since vitamin D is often depleted in patients with COPD, we wanted to see if vitamin D supplementation would have a beneficial effect on rehabilitation among these patients, perhaps by increasing muscle strength."
The researchers enrolled 50 COPD patients with a history of exacerbations who had been referred for rehabilitation and randomly assigned them to receive either a monthly dose of vitamin D or placebo. Patients in the vitamin D group were given 100,000 IUs (international units) of vitamin D in their monthly dose; the U.S. recommended daily allowance of vitamin D is 600 IUs daily for adults up to age 70 and 800 IUs daily for adults over age 70.
All patients participated in a pulmonary rehabilitation program for three months. At the beginning of the study and again at the completion of the rehabilitation program, peripheral and respiratory muscle strength, exercise capacity and vitamin D levels were measured. Patients were also asked to complete a quality of life survey both before and after rehabilitation.
At the end of the study, researchers found that patients treated with vitamin D had a significant improvement in exercise capacity and respiratory muscle strength compared to those in the placebo group.
"These results support the idea that correcting vitamin D deficiency by adding vitamin D supplements to training programs allows COPD patients to achieve better results from rehabilitation, including improvements in muscle strength and exercise capacity," Ms. Hornikx said.
Interestingly, despite significant improvements in exercise capacity in patients treated with vitamin D, those patients did not report a significant increase in health-related quality of life.
"This could be due to the fact that we had a relatively small number of patients included in this study, as well as to the relatively brief duration of the study," Ms. Hornikx said. Future studies should focus on the specific mechanisms by which vitamin D affects patients with COPD, she added.
**Source: American Thoracic Society
Los riesgos de la "infoxicación"
'E-mails', redes sociales, el móvil... Recibimos una sobredosis de información que no es fácil procesar. La 'infoxicación' empeora la capacidad analítica, aumenta la ansiedad y conduce a decisiones erróneas
Recuerden cuando el mundo era (un poco) más tranquilo. Solo había un par de canales de televisión. Las cartas postales cuidadosamente manuscritas tardaban días o semanas en ir de una mano a otra. Los periódicos contaban lo que había pasado ayer. Y a los amigos los veíamos de tarde en tarde alrededor de la mesa de algún bar. Ahora, en cambio, vivimos en mitad de una avalancha. El acelerón de la tecnología ha provocado que la información nos bombardeé a discreción, sin piedad y en todas direcciones, y que el contacto con el prójimo se haga constante e instantáneo gracias al teléfono móvil, el e-mail y las redes sociales. Si antes mirábamos el mundo a través de la ventana, ahora miles de ventanas que se abren simultáneas y meten el mundo en nuestro ordenador. Esta nueva forma de existencia, hiperconectada e instantánea, tiene sus ventajas, claro está, pero también sus desventajas. El estrés, la ansiedad informativa, la confusión, la superficialidad o la falta de atención son algunos de ellos. "Infoxicación" lo llama el físico Alfons Cornellá, fundador de la consultora sobre nuevas tendencias Infonomía, un neologismo que mezcla la información y la intoxicación. Se produce cuando la información recibida es mucho mayor que la que somos capaces de procesar, con consecuencias negativas.
Recuerden cuando el mundo era (un poco) más tranquilo. Solo había un par de canales de televisión. Las cartas postales cuidadosamente manuscritas tardaban días o semanas en ir de una mano a otra. Los periódicos contaban lo que había pasado ayer. Y a los amigos los veíamos de tarde en tarde alrededor de la mesa de algún bar. Ahora, en cambio, vivimos en mitad de una avalancha. El acelerón de la tecnología ha provocado que la información nos bombardeé a discreción, sin piedad y en todas direcciones, y que el contacto con el prójimo se haga constante e instantáneo gracias al teléfono móvil, el e-mail y las redes sociales. Si antes mirábamos el mundo a través de la ventana, ahora miles de ventanas que se abren simultáneas y meten el mundo en nuestro ordenador. Esta nueva forma de existencia, hiperconectada e instantánea, tiene sus ventajas, claro está, pero también sus desventajas. El estrés, la ansiedad informativa, la confusión, la superficialidad o la falta de atención son algunos de ellos. "Infoxicación" lo llama el físico Alfons Cornellá, fundador de la consultora sobre nuevas tendencias Infonomía, un neologismo que mezcla la información y la intoxicación. Se produce cuando la información recibida es mucho mayor que la que somos capaces de procesar, con consecuencias negativas.
"En el momento en que aun no has acabado de digerir algo, ya te está llegando otra cosa", dice Cornellá, "la entrada constante de información, en un mundo always on (siempre encendido), te lleva a no tratar ninguna información en profundidad. Cuando la información es demasiada todo es lectura interruptus. El fenómeno se desboca cuando todos pasamos a ser productores de información, y cuando los instrumentos para producirla son mejores que los instrumentos para organizarla y buscarla. Todos sabemos usar un procesador de texto, pero pocos saben buscar información de calidad con criterio". En efecto, hoy día la actividad es frenética: "Se calcula que entre el nacimiento de la escritura y el año 2003 se crearon cinco exabytes (billones de megabytes de información). Pues bien, esa cantidad de información se crea ahora cada dos días", informa el especialista en redes David de Ugarte. "La posibilidad de emitir información codificada se ha ido democratizando: primero como escritura, luego como imagen, etcétera. Piensa cuánta gente podía escribir un texto a principios del siglo XIX, o cuanta hacer una foto a principios del XX... Y compáralo con hoy".
Una información que, además, salta de un lugar a otro como pulgas en una sábana: en España se envían 563 millones de correos al día, según la consultora Contactlab, y cada español recibe, de media, unos 23 correos diarios que debe gestionar (en algunos casos llegan a cientos), y que ahora, además de en el ordenador, también recibimos en nuestros smartphones (teléfonos inteligentes). Y eso sin contar lo que se cuela a través de redes sociales como Facebook y Twitter. Según la Asociación para la Investigación de Medios de Comunicación (AIMC), el 37% de los españoles se conecta entre 10 y 30 horas semanales. El 9% lo hace más de sesenta horas. Cada vez pasamos más tiempo en este mundo de los unos y ceros y menos en el de la carne y los huesos: "Las horas dedicadas diariamente al uso de aparatos electrónicos prácticamente se ha duplicado desde 1987, mientas que la interacción cara a cara caía desde unas seis horas a poco más de dos", según explica José Antonio Redondo en su libro sobre redes sociales Socialnets (Península).
Y todo esto cansa a la mente. El psicólogo David Lewis creó el concepto de Síndrome de Fatiga Informativa, en su informe Dying for information? (¿Muriendo por la información?) elaborado para la agencia Reuters. Se da en personas que tienen que lidiar con toneladas de información procedente de libros, periódicos, faxes, correos electrónicos, etcétera, y que, según Lewis, provoca la parálisis de la capacidad analítica, ansiedad y dudas, y conduce a malas decisiones y conclusiones erróneas. Dos tercios de los 1.300 profesionales entrevistados por Reuters achacaron al estrés producido por manejar altos flujos de información daños en sus relaciones personales, baja satisfacción laboral y tensión con sus colegas. "El exceso es más perjudicial que provechoso", opina Jorge Franganillo, profesor de Información y Documentación de la Universidad de Barcelona.
"Durante siglos hemos asociado más información a más libertad. Sin embargo, hoy día, no por tener más donde elegir tenemos más libertad ni estamos más satisfechos. La información es imprescindible en la vida moderna, pero en exceso es asfixiante y resulta difícil de procesar. Al final, más es menos". Nos puede incluso hacer menos productivos, como observó el psicólogo británico Amir Khaki, de AK Consulting, estudiando el comportamiento de un grupo de ejecutivos: la consulta continua de la BlackBerry aumenta el estrés y reduce la productividad. Uno de los sujetos del estudio tardaba el triple de tiempo en rellenar impresos comunes por la constante distracción de su teléfono inteligente. "La presión que provoca la sobrecarga informativa retrasa decisiones importantes o hace que se tomen medidas sin la suficiente reflexión. Y causa también una fricción informativa que dispersa la atención y aumenta la fatiga. La energía física e intelectual que consumimos para obtener la información correcta se desperdicia si no hacemos algo útil con ella", dice Franganillo. Y, por mucho tiempo que invirtamos, siempre tenemos la impresión de que se nos está escapando algo. "Esta sobreabundancia hace que pocos elementos de entre todo ese mar resalten y queden fijados a nuestra memoria, que hoy se encuentra medio perdida al no poder atar datos con situaciones y lugares concretos.Muchas cosas pasan desapercibidas, miradas sin ser vista", dice Roberto Balaguer, psicólogo especialista en Internet.
-Superficialidad
La superficialidad es otra de las posibles consecuencias del maremagno actual, como señala el autor Nicholas Carr en su libro Superficiales. ¿Qué está haciendo Internet con nuestras mentes? (Taurus), de reciente aparición. Carr, licenciado en Literatura, advirtió que su capacidad de concentración en la lectura de textos largos era cada vez menor. La causa: su actividad multitarea, atento a la vez a la web, el Twitter, el teléfono, el Skype, el Facebook... "Internet nos incita a buscar lo breve y lo rápido y nos aleja de la posibilidad de concentrarnos en una sola cosa", declaró en una entrevista a Bárbara Celis en EL PAÍS. "La multitarea, instigada por el uso de Internet, nos aleja de formas de pensamiento que requieren reflexión y contemplación, nos convierte en seres más eficientes procesando información pero menos capaces para profundizar en esa información y al hacerlo no solo nos deshumanizan un poco sino que nos uniformizan". Por supuesto, Carr cerró sus perfiles en las redes sociales.
No todos son tan pesimistas. "Mi hijo juega mucho al Call of Duty (un frenético videojuego bélico). Puedo pensar que está perdiendo el tiempo, o incluso que está enganchado, o pensar que se está preparando para un nuevo mundo donde los estímulos serán mayores, y la información más cambiante. El mundo que viene probablemente sea más parecido a Call of Duty que a Guerra y paz", opina Xabier Carbonell, profesor de Psicología en la Universidad Ramón Llull. "No creo que sea un problema, sino cuestión de aprendizaje. Fíjate, mi madre me decía '¿cómo puedes estudiar con la radio puesta?'. Y compáralo con todo lo que hay ahora... La tecnología está produciendo un cambio cognitivo importante". Cada vez somos más multitarea y esto es irreversible. "Son las habilidades que, por otro lado, cada vez valora más el mercado laboral: empleados que tengan esa habilidad de gestionar en contextos de saturación de información", coincide Fernando Garrido, del Observatorio para la Cibersociedad. ¿Cómo gestionar esta cantidad ingente de información? La respuesta es obvia: tomándonoslo con calma. Desconectándonos un rato: apagar el ordenador, la televisión, silenciar el teléfono.
Ahondar en el trato humano y pausado. Adoptar un hobby alejado de los gadgets tecnológicos. Salir a la calle. "Algunos médicos han indicado las siestas como una manera de contrarrestar la neblina digital de la sobreinformación", sugiere Balaguer. "No dedicarse a leer y contestar el correo en cualquier momento, sino solo a determinadas horas de la jornada laboral, de manera que sea una parte de tu agenda y no te interrumpa constantemente", recomienda Redondo. Y eligiendo solo lo provechoso. "La avalancha de información que se puede gestionar mejor si establecemos prioridades. Hemos de tener claro qué temas nos interesan, centrar la atención en pocas áreas y procurar que sean lo bastante concretas. No se puede pretender estar al día de muchos temas o de temas demasiado amplios: ya en 1550 el teólogo Juan Calvino se quejaba de que había tantos libros que ni siquiera tenía tiempo de leer los títulos", dice Franganillo. Como apunta Cornellá: "Hay que escoger muy bien las fuentes de información. Dedicar parte del mejor tiempo del día a la información de calidad. Cuanta más de esta manejas, más capaz eres de discriminar que lo que tienes delante es pura basura. La buena información, la relevante, desinfoxica".
La superficialidad es otra de las posibles consecuencias del maremagno actual, como señala el autor Nicholas Carr en su libro Superficiales. ¿Qué está haciendo Internet con nuestras mentes? (Taurus), de reciente aparición. Carr, licenciado en Literatura, advirtió que su capacidad de concentración en la lectura de textos largos era cada vez menor. La causa: su actividad multitarea, atento a la vez a la web, el Twitter, el teléfono, el Skype, el Facebook... "Internet nos incita a buscar lo breve y lo rápido y nos aleja de la posibilidad de concentrarnos en una sola cosa", declaró en una entrevista a Bárbara Celis en EL PAÍS. "La multitarea, instigada por el uso de Internet, nos aleja de formas de pensamiento que requieren reflexión y contemplación, nos convierte en seres más eficientes procesando información pero menos capaces para profundizar en esa información y al hacerlo no solo nos deshumanizan un poco sino que nos uniformizan". Por supuesto, Carr cerró sus perfiles en las redes sociales.
No todos son tan pesimistas. "Mi hijo juega mucho al Call of Duty (un frenético videojuego bélico). Puedo pensar que está perdiendo el tiempo, o incluso que está enganchado, o pensar que se está preparando para un nuevo mundo donde los estímulos serán mayores, y la información más cambiante. El mundo que viene probablemente sea más parecido a Call of Duty que a Guerra y paz", opina Xabier Carbonell, profesor de Psicología en la Universidad Ramón Llull. "No creo que sea un problema, sino cuestión de aprendizaje. Fíjate, mi madre me decía '¿cómo puedes estudiar con la radio puesta?'. Y compáralo con todo lo que hay ahora... La tecnología está produciendo un cambio cognitivo importante". Cada vez somos más multitarea y esto es irreversible. "Son las habilidades que, por otro lado, cada vez valora más el mercado laboral: empleados que tengan esa habilidad de gestionar en contextos de saturación de información", coincide Fernando Garrido, del Observatorio para la Cibersociedad. ¿Cómo gestionar esta cantidad ingente de información? La respuesta es obvia: tomándonoslo con calma. Desconectándonos un rato: apagar el ordenador, la televisión, silenciar el teléfono.
Ahondar en el trato humano y pausado. Adoptar un hobby alejado de los gadgets tecnológicos. Salir a la calle. "Algunos médicos han indicado las siestas como una manera de contrarrestar la neblina digital de la sobreinformación", sugiere Balaguer. "No dedicarse a leer y contestar el correo en cualquier momento, sino solo a determinadas horas de la jornada laboral, de manera que sea una parte de tu agenda y no te interrumpa constantemente", recomienda Redondo. Y eligiendo solo lo provechoso. "La avalancha de información que se puede gestionar mejor si establecemos prioridades. Hemos de tener claro qué temas nos interesan, centrar la atención en pocas áreas y procurar que sean lo bastante concretas. No se puede pretender estar al día de muchos temas o de temas demasiado amplios: ya en 1550 el teólogo Juan Calvino se quejaba de que había tantos libros que ni siquiera tenía tiempo de leer los títulos", dice Franganillo. Como apunta Cornellá: "Hay que escoger muy bien las fuentes de información. Dedicar parte del mejor tiempo del día a la información de calidad. Cuanta más de esta manejas, más capaz eres de discriminar que lo que tienes delante es pura basura. La buena información, la relevante, desinfoxica".
**Reportaje de SALUD( EL PAIS)
El peligro de aislarse en el ordenador
Cuando uno está trabajando en el ordenador y comienzan a saltar (a veces constantemente) los avisos de correos recibidos, de nuevos tuits o mensajes de Facebook es fácil perder la concentración y hasta la paciencia. Para resolver este nuevo problema, la agencia española Herraiz & Soto ha creado el software Ommwriter. Como ellos mismos explican, se trata de un programa que recrea la nada. No desactiva el correo ni las redes sociales, pero, al activarlo, dejan de saltar las notificaciones.
Además, para mejorar la concentración y la relajación, Ommwriter permite elegir un color de fondo de pantalla suave e, incluso, una música de fondo agradable que puede ir desde el sonido de los grillos hasta el de un bebé en el útero materno.
**Publicado en "EL PAIS"
Además, para mejorar la concentración y la relajación, Ommwriter permite elegir un color de fondo de pantalla suave e, incluso, una música de fondo agradable que puede ir desde el sonido de los grillos hasta el de un bebé en el útero materno.
**Publicado en "EL PAIS"
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