The Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine has dramatically reduced invasive Hib disease worldwide. Nowadays, data on protection against pneumonia and among children with HIV are limited. Researchers of the Manhiça Health Research Centre (CISM) in Mozambique, led by Pedro Alonso, ISGlobal director, have evaluated the impact of the Hib conjugate vaccine introduction in 2009 in a rural, high-HIV prevalence area in Mozambique. This study, led by Betuel Sigaúque, was published in Journal of Pediatrics on July 2013.
From 2006-2011, the researchers conducted hospital-based surveillance for invasive Hib disease and clinical pneumonia (classified as severe and very severe) among children younger than 5 years of age. Incidences calculated using population denominators were compared between baseline (2006-2008) and post-Hib conjugate vaccine (2010-2011) periods.
Among children under 1 and under 5 years old, significant reductions occurred in rates of invasive Hib disease, 91% and 85%, respectively, and very severe pneumonia, 29% and 34%, respectively. “We have demonstrated important reductions in invasive disease and pneumonia following Hib conjugate vaccine introduction in a high-HIV area. Continued surveillance is needed to monitor long-term Hib conjugate vaccine effects, particularly among children with HIV”, said Dr. Sigaúque, the principal invastigator of this study.
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